chapter 18

Colonial Encounters in Asia, Africa, and Oceania

  • For many millions of Africans, Asians, and Pacific Islanders, colonial rule by the British, French, German, Italians, Belgians, Portuguese, Russians, or Americans was the major new element in their historical experience during the long 19th century
  • No single colonial experience characterized this vast region
  • Depending on the cultures and prior history of various colonized people
  • Men and women experienced the colonial era differently, as did traditional elites, Western-educated groups, artisans, peasant farmers, and migrant laborers
  • European 19th century expansion lay the massive fact of its Industrial revolution, a process that gave rise to new economic needs, many of which found solutions abroad
  • The enormous productivity of industrial technology and europe's growing affluence now created the need for extensive raw materials and agriculture products: bananas from central america; rubber from Brazil; cocoa and palm oil from west africa; tea, copra, and coconut oil from ceylon; gold and diamonds from south Africa

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