chapter 22

The End of Empire

  • Variously called decolonization or the struggle for independence, that process carried an immense significance for the history of the 20th century
  • In 1990,European colonial empires in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean region, and Pacific Oceania appeared as enduring features of the worlds political landscape
  • Well before the end of the 20th century they were gone, the first major 
    breakthroughs occurred in Asia and the middle East in the late 1940s was When the Philippines, India, Pakistan, Burma, Indonesia, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Israel achieved independence

  • The period from the mid1950s through the mid 1970s was an age of African independence as colony after colony, more than fifty in total, emerged into what was then seen as the bright light of freedom
  • During the 1970s many of the island societies of Pacific Oceania - Samoa Fiji, Tonga, the solomon islands - joined the ranks of independence states almost entirely peacefully and without much struggle as the various colonial powers willingly abandoned their right to rule

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